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Singh Rathore, Mahendra
- Review of Novel Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) in India
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Authors
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1 Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan.,, IN
1 Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan.,, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 99-109Abstract
Novel coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was emerged from Wuhan, China and have taken catastrophic form globally. India being a dense populated country is also affected by it’s deadly infection. Bats were considered as its primary host but COVID-19 disease became pandemic via human to human transmission by droplet nuclei. The incubation period ranges upto 14 days and main symptoms of disease were noticed as atypical pneumonia, fever, difficult breathing, decreased SPO2 level and ultimately death due to respiratory failure depending upon immune status of the patients. Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and harbour a genome (30 kb) consisting of two terminal untranslated regions and twelve putative functional open reading frames (ORFs), encoding for non-structural and structural proteins. There are sixteen putative non-structural proteins, including proteases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, other proteins involved in the transcription and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and four structural proteins, including spike protein (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). SARS-CoV2 infection, with a heavy viral load in the body, destroys the human lungs through cytokine storm, especially in elderly persons and people with immunosuppressed disorders. A number of drugs have been repurposed and employed, but still, no specific antiviral medicine has been approved by the FDA to treat this disease. This review provides a current status of the COVID-19, epidemiology, an overview of phylogeny, mode of action, diagnosis, and possible treatment methods and vaccines.Keywords
Novel corona virus, Pandemic, India, Vaccines.References
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- Spectroscopic Method for the Quantification of Residue of Tetramethylthionine Chloride on Swab from Manufacturing Equipment in Support of Cleaning Validation
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Manwakhera NH-8 Bypass, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313002., IN
2 Assistant Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Manwakhera NH-8 bypass, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313002., IN
3 Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Manwakhera NH-8 bypass, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313002., IN
1 Research Scholar, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Manwakhera NH-8 Bypass, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313002., IN
2 Assistant Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Manwakhera NH-8 bypass, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313002., IN
3 Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Manwakhera NH-8 bypass, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313002., IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 1499-1504Abstract
Tetramethylthionine chloride is approved by the FDA for the treatment of paediatric and adult patients with acquired methaemoglobinaemia. The objective of this research was to develop and validate an Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method for quantification of Tetramethylthionine chloride in cleaning control swab sample from manufacturing equipment surfaces. Simple, accurate and cost efficient spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation and quantification of Tetramethylthionine chloride which is going to be used for the evaluation of cleaning in cleaning validation. The optimum conditions for the quantitative analysis of the drugs were established. The maximum wavelength (λmax) was found to be 663nm. The percent recovery of Tetramethylthionine chloride for 50.0%, 100.0% and 150.0% were 99.13, 97.76 and 101.18 respectively. Linearity of Tetramethylthionine chloride for Validation showed a good linear relationship with Correlation Coefficient (r2) value of 0.999 was obtained. Validation was performed according to the ICH guidelines of Analytical Method Validation. The Sample Solution was chemically stable up to 36 hours. The proposed may be suitable for the Estimation and Quantification of Tetramethylthionine chloride for evaluation of cleaning in cleaning validation for quality control purposes.Keywords
Tetramethylthionine Chloride, Cleaning Validation, Methylene blue, UV spectroscopy, Swab Sampling.References
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